Raltegravir (MK 0158) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Raltegravir (MK 0158) - Essay ExampleThe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease fatherd by contagion with the human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus and is characterized by profound immuno-suppression with associated opportunistic infections, malignancies, wasting and central nervous system degeneration. Scientists have ascertained two types of this virus. The principal cause of AIDS worldwide is HIV-1. HIV-2 is dominantly found in West Africa. HIV fit in to the retrovirus family of viruses. (Bullock and Henze, 2000)The modes of HIV transmission have been well identified and have remained same(predicate) throughout the history of this disease. HIV is transmitted from one person to another through (1) sexual relations with an infected person Worldwide, 75% to 85% of HIV infections are transmitted through unprotected sex. (2) sharing in the use of hypodermic needles or accidental pricking by a needle dirty with infected farm animal and (3) transfe rring of the virus from an infected mother to her baby during birth or through breast-feeding.When HIV enters the body, it destroys lymphocytes, specifically CD4+ T cells which are white blood cells of the immune system that exert critical regulatory and effector functions involving both cellular and humoral immunity. The virus commandeers the genetic material of the host cell, instructing the cell to twin more viruses. The newly formed viruses rupture free from the host, destroying the cell in the process. The new viruses continue to infect and destroy other lymphocytes. As a ensue of these observations, it was not difficult to imagine that HIV-associated immunodeficiency was due to virally mediated destruction of CD4+ T cells (McGune 2001)Over a period that may keep going from a hardly a(prenominal) months to up to 15 years, HIV constitutes an attack on the entire immune system, destroying enough lymphocytes making the system unable to function properly. An infected individual develops octuple life-threatening illnesses from infections that